| NOTAS: | "Until recently, MVNOs’ wholesale access to mobile networks has been subject to relatively little regulatory intervention. Although it was once regulated in the EU, it was removed from the list of regulated markets some time ago when it was deemed to be sufficiently competitive. Elsewhere, this market has seen little regulatory attention so far.
However, things have changed in recent years in both emerging and in mature markets. Regulators in the former countries look to MVNOs as an effective way to increase competition at the retail level. EU regulators, on the other hand, are trying to preserve existing levels of competition in cases where mergers of MNOs have increased concentration. It is too early to say whether the EC will reintroduce access obligations outside the remedies set out for mergers, although it also looks unlikely at the moment. However, regulators in emerging markets are expected to increase their focus on MVNO access in the coming years." |
